Fathers role in molding his sons adolescence

Fathers role in molding his sons adolescence Over the years so many theories have made it evident that the father is a role model to his children, especially his son during the adolescence years. But none have discussed in what manner he affects, what are the domains in which he is influential and what factors play role to have these effects. Even after being the third in the mother-child dyad, how come the father becomes so important once the child is in his/her puberty, more importantly the son. This paper is an attempt to analysis the findings of the earlier studies done in this domain, to summate their findings and conclude the role of the father in molding his adolescent sons life. According to Freudian psychoanalytical view the father is considered to be a fear instigating factor in a sons life due to which he identifies with him. In a research study based psychoanalytical view of role of father as being the one who castrates shows the importance of identification with him as a gender role model for son for healthy development of sexual orientation later in life (Ceccarelli and Horizonte, 2003). This study explains that the lack/absence of a father who demands respect from the son and lay strong secure base for him to project his oedipal complexes by constantly defining limits, can lead to the construction of the nostalgia of the fathers protection as the transformation of this father into the symbolic father and his projection of his need for a father figure onto his sexual partners and also defining his sexual preference (the cases described in the study were of sons who had homosexual orientation). Therefore a male role model needs to be present for the son to develop sexual preferences which invariantly becomes prominent during the pubertal years, as the boy experiences new bodily changes. According to Zoja (2001) in his book The Father: Historical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives with Jungian analytical view, points that a single mother can assume the role of a father in preadolescent years of the child because the woman has been able to reconcile her role of mother with her role of lover, but later due to change in group dynamics and development of concept of gender-identity in adolescent years, need for an actual male father figure arises, for these adolescents form gangs which have a crude and regressive masculine psychology and its unconscious function is to challenge the father just as the gangs of animals are placed in masculine hierarchy. Sipsma, Biello, Cole-Lewis and Kershaw (2010) show that sons of adolescent fathers were 1.8 times more likely to become adolescent fathers than were sons of older fathers, as they l acked proper father figure in their life as their father themselves have not been mature enough to provide them with the strong security which is associated with a father. Adolescent boys with their father-present have higher male sex- role preferences than father-absent boys, though both father-present and father absent adolescent boys imitate male sex-role and female sex-roles which is not in correlation to their sex-role preferences. Moreover the masculine preferences are well established by age seven, more in father-present boys than in father-absent ones (Bandaines, 1976), showing clearly the role model that a father assumes quite early in his sons life. According to findings of Almeida and Galambos (1991), fathers acceptance of adolescent son increases with time, and as they get more involved in each other life, a better understanding may develop helping the adolescent child to deal with his conflicts. Moreover in single-earner families fathers tend to spend more time with the ir sons than their daughter which may be it being easy to identify with the same sex both ways. Thus it is clear that the presence of fathers who involve in their adolescent sons can lead to better feeling of acceptance in the child. Jones, Kramer, Armitage and Williams (2003) showed that the perceived quality of father-son (and mother-son) relation was negatively correlated with psychological separation: better the perceived quality, the less psychologically separated they were. Adolescent boys with non-resident fathers who had more frequent contact with their fathers experienced less psychological separation and more of overall healthy separateness. studies show that males who experience separation from their fathers early in life (before age 5yrs), even though they developed unhindered masculine preferences, experience high rate of low self-esteem and self-confidence, while those who are separated from their fathers later in life due to divorce of parents are less likely to marry and more likely to have common-law relationships (Covell and Turnbull, 1982). Robertson (1999) in his study found out that, variation in family structure, lack sense of attachment to family or parents, lack of shared leisure experiences with adolescent sons beyond age 10yr, and lack of interest in the adolescent sons live, especially by fathers lead to increased rated of delinquency in these boys. In a study done on African-American adolescent males involved in delinquent activities showed that, there was a detrimental effect of low socioeconomic-status on the delinquent activities of father-absent pubertal boys than those living in dual-parent families. Moreover the study showed that the parental monitoring done by the fathers was inversely correlated to the delinquent acts of the adolescent as these adolescent males benefited from being in a dual-parent family where they received paternal supervision besides maternal control (Paschall et al. 2003). With emergence of adolescence, drugs-use becomes a major concern and the experimenting youth become easy prey to such addiction. In such times the father can be a major influential factor in his sons life, who can either make him more prone to adapt to the habit or easy for him to stay away from such indulgence. Brook et. al.(1983) findings show that affectionate, emotionally supportive, attentive, involved in their sons life and engaging in meaningful conversation fathers have sons who dont smoke. Moreover fathers of nonsmokers have higher expectations from their sons and help to cultivate their ideas therefore may be encouraging their need for independence, which foster in their sons a sense of competence and achievement. On the other hand adolescent boys who smoked were unable to identify with their fathers beliefs and values and more identified with the stereotypical macho-masculine roles and that helped them to compensate for the poor paternal masculine role, which tend to spend less quality as well as quantity of time with their sons, and most of them smoke themselves. Apart from these the smokers differed from the nonsmoker adolescent boys on many personality traits; they tend to be less frustration tolerant, less compliant to family situations, less responsible and more rebellious and impulsive. The smoking behavior helps them to compensate for the feeling of low self-esteem, which develops due to a poor paternal role model. In another study Brook et. al (1981) found that adolescent marijuana users are less likely to perceive their fathers as less affectionate and child-centered, and they lack paternal control. Another domain in which fathers make a big contribution to adolescent sons is the area of subjective well-being and values-judgments. James R. Barclay (1980) in his study defines the role of a father in his adolescent sons development of values as that of, the masculine role model, the communicator (listening to different views and offering problem-solving methodologies), the moral model (striving to live somewhere between the absolutist and complete relativist) and the fallible reinforcing agent. Further studies show that fathers support is positively related to the psychological well-being of adolescent boys, especially those who are constantly bullied at school or by their peer group. (Flouri and Buchanan, 2002). In men positive parenting(by both or either parents) influenced psychological functioning by lowering psychological maladjustment in adolescence and increasing the odds of being partnered in midadulthood, it protected against psychological distress by promoting educationa l attainment and physical health in adolescence and young adulthood, and by increasing the odds of being religious and partnered in midadulthood, and it predicted life satisfaction by lowering psychological maladjustment in adolescence. (Flouri, 2003) Thus the involvement of father in a childs adolescent years, especially the son is more important so as to provide him with better gender role; help in developing better self-esteem and confidence, overall feeling of subjective-wellbeing and trust in long term commitments; and thus keeping a check on childs maladaptive behaviors such as that of engaging in early sexual relations, committing delinquency and abusing substances. Refrences: Almeida D. and Galambos N. Examining Father Involvement and the Quality of Father-Son Relations. Journal Of Research in Adolescence. 1991. 1(2), 155-172. Bandaines J. Identification, Imitation and Sex-Role Preference in Father-Present and Father-Absent Black and Chicano Boys. The Journal of Psychology, 1976. 92, 15-24 Barclay, J.R. Values of Adolescent Males and Father-Son Relations. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1980, 267-269 Brook J. et.al. The Role of the Father in His Sons Marijuana Use. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1981. 138, 81-86 Brook J. et.al. Fathers And Sons: Their Relationship And Personality Characteristics Associated With The Sons Smoking Behavior. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1983. 142, 271-281. Covell K. and Turnbull W. The Long Term Effects of Father Absence in Childhood on Male University Students Sex-Role Identity and Personal Adjustment. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1982. 141, 271-276. Ceccarelli and Horizonte, May I Call You Father? Int. Forum Psychoanal., 2003, 12, 195-203 Flouri E. Subjective Well-being in Midlife:The Role of Involvement and Closeness to Parents in Childhood. Journal of Happiness Studies 2004. 5: 335-358. Flouri and Buchanan. Life Satisfaction in Teenage Boys: The Moderating Role of Father Involvement and Bullying. Aggr. Behav. 2002. 28:126-133 Jones et al. The Impact of Father Absence on Adolescent Separation-Individuation. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 2003, 129(1), 73-95 Knafo, A. and Shwartz S.H. Parenting and Adolescents Accuracy in Perceiving Parental Values, Child Development, 2003, Vol.74.2, 595-611 Paschall M., Ringwalt C. and Flewelling R. Effects Of Parenting, Father Absence, And Affiliation With Delinquent Peers On Delinquent Behavior Among African-American Male Adolescents. Adolescence, Spring 2003. 38:149, 15-34 Robertson. Leisure and Family: Perspectives of Male Adolescents who engage in Delinquent activity as Leisure, Journal of Leisure Research. 1999,Vol.31(4), 335-358 Sipsma et al. Like Father, Like Son: The Intergenerational Cycle of Adolescent Fatherhood, American Journal of Public Health, March 2010, Vol. 100.3, 517-524. Zoja, Luigi. The Father : Historical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives. Taylor Francis Routledge, 2001 .

Does Suffering Lead to Wisdom Includes Discus Thrower the School and the Yellow Wallpaper

Diltej Singh Does Suffering lead to wisdom? Through life if there is one thing that everyone sees, it’s suffering. We all have seen it, if you haven’t you will in time. Even the short stories that we have read this year we have also seen it in them. It’s hard to see people go through that suffering, but do people gain any wisdom from that suffering. Through the short stories that we have read this year, we have seen on many occasions that it did not.One of those times is in the short story ‘The Discus Thrower’ we see that the man is in much pain, and clearly is suffering and yet he is mean to the nurse and makes them do things that they shouldn’t have to do. Another story that had suffering was ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ we see her suffer and not once do we see her stop and think about what she is doing why. We just see her going crazy. The last story we see suffering is in ‘The School’, we see that theirs is constant dea th in the story they don’t know what to do after so they keep buy and getting new things to replace the feelings they had they had for the animals, people, and plants.So they aren’t gaining anything The man in the Discus thrower is clearly suffering he his â€Å"skin is not brown from the sun. It rusted, rather, in the last stage of containing the vile repose within. And the blue eyes are frosted, looking inward like the windows of snowbound cottage. He is blind. The man is also legless; his right leg was missing from the mid-thigh down and left from below the knee. † With all these disabilities, he is still is asks the doctor to get his shoes â€Å"with the least amount of irony. † You wonder why he asking for them even though he has no feet.He makes the nurse clean eggs that he threw at the wall and he does this every single day. You expect someone in this situation to be more caring, looking at life in different perspectives, think about something diff erent they should have done and maybe things would have turned out in a different way. But instead we see him act different then we would see anyone else in his place. Then we see the nurse cheering and then we find out that he died. He leaves behind nothing but bad experience and memories for the nurses. He created nothing but a bad experience for himself. Throughout this whole story we don’t see any form of wisdom once.The women from yellow wallpaper might not be suffering physically but is suffering mentally. She’s told that she can’t do anything creative or fun. All she can do is lay in bed. Slowly she is suffering, she is mentally warring down. She we see her going mentally insane. She starts staring at the wall and see shapes and then eventually she sees a figure in the wall. At the end of the story she goes crazy by locking the door and tells her husband that the key is at the front door. And when he comes and he faints and she tore as much wallpaper as s he could and she herself was on the on ground crawling’s.As we see that she goes insane and she gets no wisdom. We ended of her crawling over him so we know anything can happen after that. We see that in the school they clearly have lost many things to death and they don’t try to figure out why everything is dying but keep replacing them with other things just to get the emotions and feelings back. In the story trees, salamander, tropical fish, Edgar, moms and dads, Matthew and Tiny die for one reason or another, they one time the students ask where all died things go he says I don’t know. Then they say is death that which gives meaning to life.They go into a serious conversation and then they hear a knock on the door and a gerbil walks in, the children cheer wildly. We see that children don’t gain anything from these deaths. As we in none of these characters get and wisdom after they have been see suffering. Most people now don’t even get wisdom f rom when they suffer. They live life going through pain like the man from the discus thrower; go crazy like the women did from the yellow wallpaper. Or go through life not realizing, or simple try to keep what they might lose, like the kids in the short story school.

Essay about Intrinsic Compensation and Discretionary Benefits

Compensation and Benefit Systems Intrinsic Compensation and Discretionary Benefits Intrinsic compensation refers to ability of workers to gain pleasure from their accomplishments of their daily activities. This pleasure acts as their reward or compensation of what they have individually done. This has the effect of making the workers enjoy their tasks. On the other hand, workers sometimes receive rewards on top of their salary or wages. These rewards are not mandatory for one to receive. These kinds of additional rewards are referred to as Discretionary benefits. Strategic Analysis This refers to the act of identifying the strong points of a given business venture position, and comprehending the outward factors that have a direct†¦show more content†¦This they do so by giving the employees an incentive as a compensation for their skills gained or the quality of education they have referred to as pay-for-knowledge. Profit Sharing Plans Profit sharing plans provides the employers with various flexibilities and freedom in decision making in matters of contributions. The three profit sharing plans include: traditional profit sharing plans, age-weighted and new comparability profits sharing plans, and 401(k) plans. Traditional profit sharing is based on the salary proportions method. It helps assigning the employer contributions to all parties that took part on equal basis method. Age-weighted profit sharing plan, assign contributions with reference to age and the salary or wages of qualified employees. The older parties get a larger proportion in comparison to the younger members. On the other hand, new comparability helps employer to classify the workers on the matter of assigning contributions. 401 (k) plans is a profit sharing plan that gives the employees room for postponing various compensations with the aim of evading present taxes on their incomes. Management by Objective This refers to an action whereby, the employees and the employer commonly participate in goal identification as well as setting the desired goals, identification of standards to be used in evaluating performance, and the expected contributions. Benchmarking a job calls for identification of the job and creation of theShow MoreRelatedHr Comp Benefits684 Words   |  3 PagesGovernment? | | A. Civil Rights Act of 1991 | | | B. Equal Pay Act of 1938 | | | C. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 | | | D. Davis-Bacon Act of 1931 | | Answer Key: D | | | Question 2 of 15 | 10.0/ 10.0 Points | Which type of compensation program is based, in part, on the human capital theory? | | A. merit pay | | | B. seniority pay | | | C. incentive pay | | | D. skill-based pay | | Answer Key: B | | | Question 3 of 15 | 10.0/ 10.0 Points | What type of pay shouldRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Benefits1726 Words   |  7 Pagesemployee benefits can help motivate individuals to labor more productively. Improving employee workplace behavior is a challenging task that most companies face when attempting to create a positive work environment, which will increase performance and positive behavior within the organization. By integrating employee benefits, employers will receives increased levels of motivation and drive from staff to achieve business objectives. 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However, special compensation will be given for their overtime and travels related to the project. After the project is completed, all team members will be evaluated and those who will receive satisfactoryRead MoreManaging Editor, By Distributing Human Resources, Process Of Planning, Recruiting, Selecting, And Training7066 Words   |  29 Pagesinformal discussions and recommendations during the initial assessment. From there, the candidates’ substantive assessments included job knowledge tests, performance appraisals, and promotability ratings. Then, the finalists received job offers after discretionary assessments. 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An example is when an IT technician will stay in late without being asked or an accountant filling in for front office personnel when they step out. Engagement is often headed by top rank leaders. An organization with aggressive leadersRead MoreCompensating Sales Force6663 Words   |  27 PagesCOMPENSATING SALES FORCE Sales is one of the few jobs where you earn your money – every day. COMPENSATION IS MORE THAN MONEY Any type of sales organization can reward sales performance in three fundamental and interrelated ways: 1. Direct financial rewards. 2. Career advancement and personal development opportunities. 3. Nonfinancial compensation. Why is it important? †¢ Sales activities are the life blood of most business †¢ Most misunderstood aspects of running a business †¢ Tricky

Writing a Paragraph Developed With Reasons

College writing assignments often call on students to explain why: Why did a certain event in history take place? Why does an experiment in biology produce a particular result? Why do people behave the way they do? This last question was the starting point for Why Do We Threaten Children With the Bogeyman? — a students paragraph developed with reasons. Notice that the paragraph below begins with a quotation meant to grab the readers attention: You better stop wetting your bed, or else the bogeyman is going to get you. The quotation is followed by a general observation that leads to the topic sentence of the paragraph: There are several reasons why young children are so often threatened with a visit from the mysterious and terrifying bogeyman. The rest of the paragraph supports this topic sentence with three distinct reasons. Example Paragraph Developed with Reasons As you read the students paragraph, see if you can identify the ways in which she guides the reader from one reason to the next. Why Do We Threaten Children With the Bogeyman?You better stop wetting your bed, or else the bogeyman is going to get you. Most of us probably remember a threat like this one being delivered at one time or another by a parent, babysitter, or older brother or sister. There are several reasons why young children are so often threatened with a visit from the mysterious and terrifying bogeyman. One reason is simply habit and tradition. The myth of the bogeyman is handed down from generation to generation, like the tale of the Easter Bunny or the tooth fairy. Another reason is the need to discipline. How much easier it is to frighten a child into good behavior than to explain to her just why she should be good. A more sinister reason is the perverse delight some people get out of scaring others. Older brothers and sisters, in particular, seem to thoroughly enjoy driving youngsters to tears with stories of the bogeyman in the closet or the bogeyman under the bed. In short, the bogeyman is a convenient myth that will probably be used to haunt children (and sometimes actually cause them to wet their beds) for a long time to come. The three phrases in italics are sometimes called reason and addition signals: transitional expressions that guide the reader from one point in a paragraph to the next. Notice how the writer begins with the simplest or least serious reason, moves to another reason, and finally shifts to a more sinister reason. This pattern of moving from least important to most important gives the paragraph a clear sense of purpose and direction as it builds toward a logical conclusion (which links back to the quotation in the opening sentence). Reason and Addition Signals or Transitional Expressions Here are some other reason and addition signals: alsoa more important reasonat timesbesidesin additionfor this reasonfurthermorein the first place, in the second placemore importantly, most importantlymoreovernextto begin with These signals help to ensure cohesion in paragraphs and essays, thus making our writing easier for readers to follow and understand.

If you have to trade and animal for a human, why not keep...

If you have to trade and animal for a human, why not keep the animal? Animal testing is used around the world to subsequent of the demolish of using humans as testis. They have been used for research as long ago as â€Å"1922 when animal testing allowed for insulin to be isolated from dogs†, yet now we are just starting to realize the animals and how they might be hurt. Animals, they do a lot more to help us than most people never realize. They are the only other living thing closes to humans to be tested on. They have shortened life cycles so it won’t affect them so long term if anything were to go wrong, unlike humans. And to be frank they have no real rights, so it’s partially ok. What about all of the medical breakthrough that we have had†¦show more content†¦While you look at an animal that got injured in the same way and they will not have to live as long with it. With testing animals they don’t typically use the animals that are proven to h ave long spans of lives. They use the ones that are short lived like rates, rabbits and other smaller animal. Scientist and researchers over the last 100 years have discovered more than their fair share of vaccines using animals. â€Å"Animal research has played a vital role in virtually every major medical advance of the last century - for both human and veterinary health.† said Foundation for Biomedical Research. The one thing that i would say is that without animals we would still be afraid of a common cold . Animals are used in many different ways when testing. It could be that a bunny is trying out a new solution for contacts or even a new kind contact. They are still helping in a major ways, even if we don’t always see them. Animal don’t have the same rights as humans do only because a) they can’t communicate with us b) sense they can’t communicate with us they can’t say no to basic stuff. This isn’t meaning that they don’t have their own sort of rights (not being abused) but they are just different than humans own rights. The next time that you look at an animal that has been taken from its home or raised in captivity, look at what they are doing to help us in our everyday life. Without them we could stillShow MoreRelated Animal Rights Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pages Animal Rights nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Isnt man an amazing animal? He kills wildlife--birds, kangaroos, deer, all kinds of cats, coyotes, groundhogs, mice, foxes and dingoes--by the million in order to protect his domestic animals and their feed. Then he kills domestic animals by the billion and eats them. This in turn kills man by the million, because eating all those animals leads to degenerative--and fatal--health conditions like heart disease, kidney disease, and cancer. 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Mcdonald’s Case Study Free Essays

McDonald’s and Obesity Case Study Reaction Paper McDonald’s Corporation is encountering a paradigm shift in the manner in which society views responsibility and ownership of issues. Society appears to be moving away from personal responsibility and to one of corporate responsibility. The question that McDonald’s must continually face is â€Å"Should s person be able to sue a company because the coffee is too hot or because a video game caused them to become addicted? (Schmaltz, 2010) A review of violent incidents at the G-8 Summits highlight the view dominant in a part of society – that corporations are not to be trusted. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonald’s Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now The 2001 G8 Summit evidenced â€Å"massive street protests† against â€Å"global capitalism†. Media outlets termed the riots of 2001 as staples of the Summit process. (G8 summit braces for more violence, 2001) The mob unrest issues at the Summits continued with excessive violence as shown at the G20 Summit in Toronto in 2010. Violence, vandalism rock G-20 protests, 2010) In Toronto, 1118 protestors were arrested because of massive and violent mob retaliation at the G20 Summit venue. (2010 G-20 Toronto summit protests, 2010) American corporations such as, McDonald’s were the targets of vandalism. (2010 G-20 Toronto summit protests, 2010) Financial abuse by corporations such as Enron, AIG, Bear Stearns, (StockMarket Crash of 2008, 2011) have contributed to the view that corporations and especially global and multinational corporations are trustworthy. It is this current view of global corporations that McDonald’s faces which lead to a cultural view that is negative against the corporation. In the realm of personal responsibility, the 2004 Congress passed a bill called â€Å"The Cheeseburger Bill† (Munger, 2004) the purpose of which was to ensure that â€Å"food manufacturers and sellers should not be held liable for injury because of a person’s consumption of legal, unadulterated food and a person’s weight gain or obesity†. Munger, 2004) Americans do not believe that eating fast-food falls into the same category as smoking as it related to addiction, health consequences and responsibility. (Munger, 2004) According to a July 21, 2003 Gallup poll, most Americans – 89 percent – do not think that the fast food industry is legally responsible for diet related problems. (Munger, 2004) Europeans, and this is case is a UK based case, are more open to tighter controls on advertising and spec ifically advertisements that are targeted to children. Munger, 2004) MP Debra Shipley has been trying to pass bills limiting food advertisements to children but has been unsuccessful to this point. (Fast food firms face screen test, 2003) (Poulter, 2011) The research shows that society still looks to parental authority and parental responsibility to address the issue of childhood obesity. First Lady Michele Obama has taken Childhood Obesity as her personal platform. (Lee, 2010) The first of the four key pillars of Mrs. Obama’s platform is: Getting parents more informed about nutrition and exercise. Lee, 2010) In July, 2011, Mrs. Obama praised McDonalds for the changes that the corporation has made to their Happy Meal program whose market audience is children. (Jackson, 2011) Mrs. Obama is quoted in national media outlets with the following statements: Obama’s statement: â€Å"McDonald’s is making continued progress today by providing more fruit and reducing the calories in its Happy Meals. I’ve always said that everyone has a role to play in making America healthier, and these are positive steps toward the goal of solving the problem of childhood obesity. McDonald’s has continued to evolve its menu, and I look forward to hearing about the progress of today’s commitments, as well as efforts in the years to come. † (Jackson, 2011) This positive statement and attention from the First Lady and the Oval Office is a strong, positive and powerful response to all of the media fire that McDonalds has received in the past several years. In this single announcement, McDonalds has strengthened its position as a socially responsible corporation. September is known as Childhood Obesity Month helping to inform and bring awareness to healthy eating for all ages. The State of Georgia has an excellent ad campaign on this topic that gives focus to the prevailing view that is supported by research, that the children who eat thee foods are not the ones driving to the locations to eat nor are they the ones who are paying for the food. The real issue becomes parental responsibility. McDonalds Corporation will continue to benefit strongly form the support that they are receiving from First Lady Michelle Obama. It is obvious that McDonald’s aggressive reworking of their children’s menu is reaping strong benefits and receiving praise. For the long-term, McDonald’s needs to continue to remain focused on ensuring that they strengthen this segment of their market. McDonald’s has phenomenal logo and brand recognition as a provider of fast food. Ronald McDonald is recognized by 99% of all American children, (Munger, 2004) and eliminating his precense from the McDonald’s name would hinder their performance and damage their brand. The McDonald’s Happy Meal Marketing Strategy in the UK does not include any of the healthy food options that are available in the US. Since the UK and EU are more favorably predisposed to legislation against children’s advertising, (Munger, 2004) the UK division needs to move decisively to capitalize on what has been learned from the revised US menu. The UK division must rapidly conduct focused market research to determine the items that would be appealing for UK parents and children and look at a timeline for including such items in their menu. Baker, 2011) In another positive development for McDonald’s in the UK, the popular website, Mumsnet. com, reversed their three year ban on McDonald’s being allowed to advertise on their website. (Chapman, 2011) Mumsnet regulates the companies that are allowed to interact on its website through a vote of members. The fact that Mumset has allowed McDonald’s to place ads on its site, does appear to signal a shi ft in the viewpoint of UK parents. As marketing blogger, Stuart Smith, comments in the article â€Å"McDonald’s put in the mincer over Happy Meals marketing†. Smith, 2010) Controlling the media imagine especially in the current easy availabilityof social media, McDonald’s must be ever vigilant about its image and marketing strategy. McDonalds in the UK has implemented a website called Make Up Your Own Mind. At this site, any type of question about McDonalds and their product (Make up your own mind, 2011) can be asked and then are answered by McDonalds staff. Included on this site is an interactive tab entitled â€Å"The Happy Meal Unpacked†. McDonald’s happy Meal unpacked, 2011) McDonalds utilizes â€Å"Quality Scouts† who visit various supplier locations, make videos and publish them and written reports on the website. (Meet the Quality Scouts, 2011) The website for McDonald’s in the UK is excellent and a good marketing strategy. In utilizing this outlet, McDonald’s UK is able to rapidly address the questions that the public raises as well as garner responses from the public. Charlotte’s response to how Chicken Nuggets get into Happy Meals is delightful. (Haile, 2010) Not only is their website an accurate, nformation and excellent marketing tool, McDonald’s UK actively supports the programs that are central to the UK populace – Free Range egg production, Open Farms (http://www. mcdonalds. co. uk/openfarms/) To help ensure future successes in this realm of the industry, McDonald’s UK needs to focus a timeline strategy on researching nutritional food products that can be placed in the Happy Meal product. They should consider entering into sponsorship with family fitness centers to promote the importance of a healthy lifestyle as they already promote sports such as football and sponsors a variety of recreational club. http://www. mcdonalds. co. uk/sports/football/football-hub. sh tml) As many popular companies, branding is significant to success and appropriate branding is even more substantial. Ronald McDonald has become the staple brand for McDonald’s especially in their Happy Meals and children advertisinments. To take a brand such as Ronald McDonald for a food company and compare it to that of Joe Camel in the cigarette industry is unfair. The target markets (and messages thereto) that each one of these companies is after are completely different. It is agreed that both types of ads have promoted incorrect messages to children in one form or another, however one cannot compare cigarettes to food. McDonalds has made several changes and modifications to their menu to help lessen the effects of their food and better comply with a healthy lifestyle. They have started to offer a variety of different options to their customers so that they are given the opportunity to choose if they will take the healthier route of the route not as healthy. That option is ultimately completely up to the consumer, but at least it is there for them. Cigarettes on the other hand cannot be mad healthier or safer. Tobacco is tobacco and smoke is smoke and both lead to the same unfortunate results. As hard as companies try, cigaretts cannot be modified to become healthier for the consumer. As far as the elimination of Ronald McDonald to their advertisements, McDonalds would be taking away part of the brand that they have become. Everyone will recognize the golden arches and if a consumer wants a Big Mac, they will find a McDonalds to purchase one. The ultimate choice on what to eat lies within the consumer purchasing. At least McDonald’s is providing them with more options to ponder when making that choice. Following scandals in regards to obesity being caused by the Fast Food industry, new and innovative legal solutions linked advertising, nutrition, and public health communities in constructive ways. Under a law put into effect in France by spring 2007, for television and radio advertisements that deal with food or beverages (other than water), marketers can either add a government-proscribed health message to the advertisement or pay a tax equivalent of 1. % of their annual advertising budget. Money from the levy goes directly to the French national institute for health prevention and education, the body that promotes healthy living in France (Jardine and Wentz 2005). One of the following four short messages, created by government should be added to any advertisements for processed, sweetened, or salted foods on television, radio, billboards, and the Internet for products processed or so ld in France: * ‘For your health, eat at least five fruits and vegetables a day’ * ‘For your health, exercise regularly’ ‘For your health, avoid eating too many foods that are high in fat, sugar or salt’ * ‘For your health, avoid snacking between meals’. On television and in cinemas these health messages are shown on a thin horizontal band (corresponding to only 7 per cent of the height of the screen), or as a screened notice displayed just after the advertisement. On radio, the message is broadcast immediately after the advertisement. Printed materials include a horizontal message strip also corresponding to 7% of the total height of the advertisement. This law was adopted as result of concerns about rising levels of obesity and especially childhood obesity, coupled with unease about the influence of United States’ fast food and soft drink companies on consumption of food and beverages in France. The increasing availability of foods high in fat, sugar and salt (so called junk foods) across the world has made eating healthily a challenge. This law was designed to encourage healthy eating habits and exercising and a healthy lifestyle. Along with another French law requiring all nutritional valued to be displayed on the product package, the fast food tax law helped create awareness among French people in regards to the downside of unhealthy eating habits- quantitative and qualitative. However, this law did not discourage fast food advertising. MacDo France has almost one broadcast advertisement for each of the products offered to French consumers. For example, French channels broadcast a 23 seconds movie for the new burger CBO. It presents it to McDonald’s lovers as a sandwich with a new Chicken, Bacon, and Onion recipe that offers the perfect mix as its advertising shows. Also, they use a lot of billboards in all cities which could be explained by the huge amount of restaurants present in France. McDonald should adopt adding the healthy message to their advertising rather than paying the tax. In the past years McDonald’s enhanced their menu with healthy choices and published nutritional values of their meals. The healthy message plays along the company’s current marketing strategy. McDonald’s can use this law requirement as a marketing strategy and they can position themselves as health promoters rather than encouraging unhealthy meals. Below is a clip with a current French advertising. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=px2VxWmjR-oNR=1 The message written on the advertising reads, â€Å"For your Health eat at least 5 fruits and vegetables per day†. This is the healthy message required by law. This is McDonald’s choice for advertising in France and rather than paying 1. 5 percent in tax they chose to help spreading the health message. Whether or not obesity rates fall in countries that ban food advertisements, will not be a result of if the advertisement campaign was successful or not, but more on the consumer themselves. Every consumer is free to make their own choices when it comes to any purchase they make; therefor they will make the one that resonates best with what they want. The companies have the responsibility to provide healthier choices to offer their customers so that those looking to change their lifestyles or try something different, healthier, trendier, etc. have that opportunity. McDonald’s is making all of the right moves to provide healthier choices and better options to those consumers who choose to purchase those. References: G8 summit braces for more violence. (2001, July 21). Retrieved October 2, 2011, from www. cnn. com: How to cite Mcdonald’s Case Study, Free Case study samples

Management Theory Respect to Stakeholders

Question: Discuss about the Management Theory for Respect to Stakeholders. Answer: Introduction In this assignment, critical evaluation of the chosen management theory is conducted. In the given case study, Australian National Security Company is facing a crisis as their supplier's delays to deliver the order. Thus, they used the contingency theory to solve the problem. The study analyses the theory and evaluates the usefulness with respect to stakeholders. Contingency theory Fred Fiedler developed the contingency theory in the 1960s. It is an organisational theory focus on the personality of a leader. The leadership styles observed in this theory are relation-motivated that is related to the interpersonal relations and task-motivated refers to the completion of tasks. Hanisch Wald (2012) stated that the factors that encompass the theory are a structure of the task, the position of power and the relation between the leader and members. Several external and internal factors affect the structural framework of the organisation. The factors are the leadership style adopted by the organisation, a size of the organisation, the ability of the organisation to adopt changes and the technology used. The least preferred coworker scale is used to measure the approach adopted by the managers, relationship-oriented or task-oriented. Practical application of contingency theory in relation to the case study In this case study, Australian National Security Co deal with a client that wants the system within next Monday (Jones et al., 2016). However, the supplier of the company is unable to deliver the order on time due delay in shipment. The manager of the company decides to adopt the principle of contingency theory that is based on the relation-motivated approach. They provide the client with a free service for a period of one month and 10% discount for a year. This satisfies the client. However, to compensate for this loss, the suppliers offer them to give 30% discount on the order. Fiedler (2015) opined that this type of discount is considered to act as a catalyst for an organisation. Similarly, the client could not refuse lucrative offer provided by Australian National Security Co. Both the suppliers and distributors adopt contingency theory that is based on customer satisfaction. Oreg Berson (2015) commented that customer satisfaction is an indication of customer loyalty and shows the repurchase ability of customers, reduces customers churn, is a point of differentiation, and increases the value of customers and help in retaining the existing customers. According to the case study, a reward system was used to retain the client and satisfy the need of the customer of both the supplier and distributor. Thus, customer satisfaction by using reward system help in maintaining a healthy relationship with its customer and it increases the value of its customers. Hill (2014) stated that the theory is a marketing strategy that encourages the customers to be loyal and repurchase from the company. According to the perspective of contingency theory, the change in environment is uncertain and unpredictable. It emphasises centralization. It permits changing the policies, rules and procedures of the company based on predictability and uncertainty. Bagozzi et al. (2014) sugg ested that different organisation units operate according to the varying environment for developing the internal characteristics of the company. The size of the company is an important variable in the contingency theory. In the case study, it was observesd that there are few people in the company because of which the manager controls the entire department. Thus, divisional structure is not applicable in this case. Evaluation of solution based on needs of stakeholders The only stakeholders in this case study are the customer for Australian National Security Co. and for the supplier the stakeholder is the company. The theory applied in this case, helped in retaining their respective customers. The lucrative reward offered by the supplier and the company is a strategy-adopted increase the value of the customer. Van de et al. (2013) opined that a stakeholder is an entity that is associated with the organisation that can affect or be affected by the action of the organisation. The perspective of stakeholder is a determining factor for the success of a business. The client of Australian National Security Co. is in need of service; however, the company fails to provide timely service to the client (Jones et al., 2016). The company cannot provide the service in the stipulated time thus, it can be seen that the client can switch to another company if the other company provides them better service. The contingency theory has certain disadvantage in its app roach. Although the theory appears to be simple where the manager acts according to the situation, however, in practice it is a complex approach (Sueldo, 2016). The analysis of a particular situation involves appropriate evaluation of a large number of variables that have multifarious dimension. Due to a shortage of time, the manager might ignore analysis of certain variables. In this case study, the manager resort for a reward system to the client for compensating the delay in delivery time that did not satisfy the key need of the client. According to McCleskey (2014), it could be a reason for disloyalty of the customer. The theory presents a problem in testing the perspective of the theory. For an appropriate testing, a methodology is required. There is a methodology present for evaluation of the theory; however, due to the presence of several variables it becomes difficult to test the effectiveness of the theory. It can be noted in the case study that the manager is unable to eva luate and analysis the situation properly due to a shortage of time. According to (ColariÄ -Jake, 2015) there are a different environment in different departments in an organisation. In the contingency theory, regardless of the size of the company the behaviour of employees is responsible for meeting the goals and needs of the client. As stated by (Eskerod, Huemann and Ringhofer, 2015), the freedom of decision-making ability of the employees can have a direct effect on meeting the objectives of the company by following the contingency theory. In this theory, there is no possibility or strategies for mitigating risks beforehand. Thus, it lacks skilled personnel led required for handling a project in a crisis. The manager is responsible for taking decision-related to the entire department in the company. Since the manager is responsible for taking all the decision in the company, it increases the pressure and workload of the manager. My opinion to handle this situation The Australian National Security Co. has faced an issue client while delivering the products and services towards the client. This company do not deliver products and services on time and as per the mentioned criteria of the clients. As a manager, I have to take some important decisions to satisfy the customers and to increase the customer base of this company. Therefore, Australian National Security Co. has implemented the Contingency theory for providing better services to the customers of this company. As per this theory, an organisation should always satisfy their customers, which can increase the profitability rate of the organisation . As the customers are not satisfied by the services of this company, I have to apply some strategic procedures and policies to attract the customers towards this company. If the customers are not satisfied with the services and products of the company, it affects the brand image of the organisation. It creates a negative effect towards the custome rs. This negative effect will reduce the customer base of the organisation. The authorities of Australian National Security Co. have to supervise the service process of this company for providing better services to the customers of this company. The management of this company should develop the quality of the delivery to attract the customer towards this company. This organisation should provide special offers to satisfy the customers. The discount, which is provided to the customers, can be a very useful strategy for this organisation to increase their customer base. As my opinion, the management of this company should create some training programme for the workers of this company so that they can improve their skills and knowledge for delivering services towards the customers effectively. The implementation of the Contingency theory in the Australian National Security Co. can motivate the workers to satisfy the customers of this company for increasing the brand image and the profi tability rate. This company can offer a free service to gain the attention of the customers towards this company. The Australian National Security Co. should implement policies, procedures and rules so that the workers can provide better services to satisfy the customers of this firm. As a manager of the Australian National Security Co., I have to determine some specific solutions for handling the workplace issues for satisfying the customer's needs and preferences. Conclusion Australian National Security Company is facing a crisis when the workers of this company delay to deliver the orders of the products and services from this company (Jones et al., 2016). For solving this problem, this company has taken the contingency theory to create some specific solution for satisfying the clients needs and preferences. In this assignment, the principles of Contingency theory are discussed to get a clear solution for solving the client-based problem in Australian National Security Company (KehrS, 2011). The positive and negative impacts are analysed here to implement this theory properly for improving the quality of providing services of this company. As a manager, some recommendations is given to develop the relevant skills and strategies for the further development of the Australian National Security Company. References Bagozzi, R.P., Wong, N., Abe, S. Bergami, M., 2014. Cultural and situational contingencies and the theory of reasoned action: Application to fast food restaurant consumption. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(2), pp.97-106. ColariÄ -Jake, L. (2015). Actor-Network Theory and Stakeholder Collaboration: The Case of Slovenia. MJSS. Eskerod, P., Huemann, M. and Ringhofer, C. (2015). Stakeholder Inclusiveness: Enriching Project Management with General Stakeholder Theory. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 46(6), pp.42-53. Fiedler, F., 2015. Contingency theory of leadership. Organizational Behavior 1: Essential Theories of Motivation and Leadership, pp.232. Hanisch, B. and Wald, A. (2012). A Bibliometric View on the Use of Contingency Theory in Project Management Research. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 43(3), pp.4-23. Jones, G., Avdelas, A., Hojo, L., Islam, S. and Dhamala, A. (2016). MGMT 100 Australian National Security Co.. [online] Facebook.com. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DNjxS2FSD2dsh=MAQHfwDxk [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. KehrS, J. (2011). Warfare Technique in the Encyclopdie : Contingency and the Travails of Theory. Australian Journal of French Studies, 48(2), pp.173-187. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. Schilling, M.A., (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Boston: Cengage Learning. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, Transformational, And Transactional Leadership And Leadership Development. Journal Of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), pp.117-131. Oreg, S. and Berson, Y. (2014). Personality and Charismatic Leadership in Context: The Moderating Role of Situational Stress. Personnel Psychology, 68(1), pp.49-77. Sueldo, M. (2016). The impact of integrated organizational communication on organizational sustainability. Management of Organizations: Systematic Research, 75, pp.121-140. Van de Ven, A., Ganco, M. and Hinings, C. (2013). Returning to the Frontier of Contingency Theory of Organizational and Institutional Designs. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), pp.393-440.